Specific gravity (SG, density)
Urine specific gravity (urine density) is a physical characteristic of the urine. It measures the ratio of urine density compared with water density. This is a simple test performed with the use of a urinometer evaluating the kidneys’ filtering function.
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Urine specific gravity depends on the amount of substances dissolved in the urine (urea, uric acid, salts), as well as the amount of voided urine.
Urine specific gravity in healthy adults may vary throughout the day depending on the food they eat, amount of water they drink, and fluids they lose. Adults generally have a specific gravity of 1012 – 1025, while in children it varies depending on their age.
Decreased urine specific gravity may be due to drinking too much fluid, long fasting and protein deficiency, diuretics, kidney infection.
Increased urine specific gravity may be due to loss of body fluids, toxemia of pregnancy, certain medications, diabetes. Protein and glucose in the urine are also reflected in its specific gravity values.
Automatic interpretation of the urinalysis results